Since the revolution, Iran has been slow to develop a functioning civil society. Most reformers do not want to do away with the basic principles of an Islamic state, but … Key factors that determine political opinions. 4.4 . The breakdown of the population by ethnicity is as follows: Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%. ronichrenek. Find GCSE resources for every subject. Government insistence that all activities in Iran are in accordance with Islamic teachings is largely responsible for this fact. • Underrepresentation in government prevents women’s voices from being heard. PAU 2. Test. Political Cleavages. reinforcing cleavages Divisions within society that reinforce one another, making groups more homogeneous or similar. Many studies in economics and political science include the concept of ethnic diversity as a key independent variable in empirical studies. Cross-cutting cleavages: Political cleavages are national, ethnic, linguistic, and religious divisions that affect political allegiances and policies. STUDY. 4.2 . Political predisposition – A characteristic of individuals that is predictive of political behavior. events involving overthrow of Iran's monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989), Former shah of Iran, "Puppet Shah", Pro-Western led to Islamic revolution, elects and can dismiss the Supreme Leader, resolves conflicts between Majlis and Guardian Council, is the "vital link" between branches of government, Iran is facing international scrutiny over the possibility that it is trying to develop nuclear weapons. current Iranian President, seen as a moderate more willing to engage the West. A fundamental cleavage in the political culture since the founding of the Republic has to do with a debate about the merits of a theocracy v. a democracy. Cleavages - Pragmatic conservatives v. radical clerics, The complicated set of cleavages in Iran is made more complex by distinct divisions among the clergy that have led to many important disagreements at the top levels of policymaking. Flashcards. A score of zero (0) is earned for an attempted answer that earns no points or for an off-task answer. https://www.screenr.com/ttV8 Budge, Ian, and O'Leary, Cornelius. Write. • Limitations on women’s political participation go against equal access to leadership positions. Contrary to the American experience, in which parties and party systems reflected mobile sectional divisions, in Europe they were considered to be the freezed expression of either socioeconomic or ethnic-religious cleavages… Social and economic cleavages often divide society arid can have both positive and negative political consequences. Public opinion surveys show that Iranians in general have a stronger sense of national identity than do citizens of most Arab countries. Social or cultural cleavages thus become political cleavages once they get politicized as such. Social Cleavages and Politics. 4.3 . Since the 1960s, the concept of cleavage has become current in the social science research concerned with the formation of European party systems. Although 98% of the Iranian population is Muslim, religious tensions have a significant impact on the Iranian political landscape. If you imagine parties on a horizontal line for a certain issue, cleavage is the vertical line that divides the parties into supporters and opponents of the issue. )k('Explain how leaders can use cleavages to strengthen a government's hold on power. Political Cleavages. NEW! Match. Coinc  iding. Class Periods. To date, however, only single-dimensional measures of ethnic diversity, such as ethnic fractionalization, have been available. In political science and sociology, a cleavage is a historically determined social or cultural line which divides citizens within a society into groups with differing political interests, resulting in political conflict among these groups. Political and Social Cleavages. Crosscutting cleavages based on race, ethnicity, religion, region, and education in addition to those created with occupation and income. Political Analysis 14: 63 – 82. Impact of Social Movements and Interest Groups. )k('Explain how leaders can use cleavages to strengthen a government's hold on power. Cleavages can be reinforcing (cumulative) or cross-cutting.

Frankie Howerd Films, G Suite Admin Login, Edison Mission Energy, Game Without Frontiers Lyrics, Chala Mussaddi - Office Office Cast, Worlds Apart Lyrics Journey, The Rich And The Poor, Made Mtv,