Infect Immun. Methods Mol Biol. Green, GFP-expressing, (A) Western blot of flagellin expression in. These infections may be accompanied by urolithiasis, the development of bladder or kidney stones due to alkalinization of urine from urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013. 2018 Sep 21;86(10):e00388-18. (A) shows a cross-section of an all-silicone catheter removed from a patient after 8 weeks; (B) shows a longitudinal section of a blocked silver/hydrogel-coated latex catheter removed from a patient after 11 days.  |  Global gene expression studies performed in culture and in the murine model have revealed the unique metabolism of this bacterium. Microorganisms. For the six sequenced strains, fimbriae were identified using BLAST using the HI4320 fimbrial major structural subunit gene as the query. Bolded classes of virulence factors have genes that are regulated by MrpJ. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Adherence of the bacterium to epithelial and catheter surfaces is mediated by 17 different fimbriae, most notably MR/P fimbriae. Proteus releases an enzyme called urease. Real-time monitoring of P. mirabilis…, Figure 8. For more extensive information on these virulence factors, see references [21,22,99,100]. 2020 Aug 11;16(8):e1008707.  |  Model of P. mirabilis urease interactions with structural and accessory proteins based on…, Figure 17. Central metabolism during P. mirabilis UTI and CAUTI, Microarray analysis and targeted mutagenesis…, Figure 36. Recent work has elucidated how P. mirabilis causes all of these disease states. Hussein EI, Al-Batayneh K, Masadeh MM, Dahadhah FW, Al Zoubi MS, Aljabali AA, Alzoubi KH. Infections of other organs, such as peritonitis, infections of the bile ducts, or of the gastrointestinal tract are significantly less common. Once the stones develop, over time they may grow large enough to cause obstruction and renal failure. 2012 Nov;10(11):743-54. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2890. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. These diverse bacteria cause infection stones in the urinary tract and form crystalline biofilms on indwelling urinary catheters, frequently leading to polymicrobial infection. Swarming behavior of P. mirabilis, (A) Swarming colony of P. mirabilis HI4320. 2020 Feb 7;2020:1231807. doi: 10.1155/2020/1231807. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. MR/P and PMF fimbriae have additive roles in urinary tract infection, Figure 27. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Incompatible Dienes types have distinctive reactions when swarming colonies meet, Figure 19. Urease acts on urea, a waste substance in urine. (A and B) Detection of mineral deposition using Alizarin Red staining of, (A and B) Visualization of neutrophil recruitment at extracellular clusters at 24 hpi. See this image and copyright information in PMC. (A) Reconstructed computed tomography image, showing the location and relative size of the urate cystolith (indicated by arrows). COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Recent work has elucidated how P. mirabilis causes … Conceptual model of single-species and polymicrobial CAUTI Tn-Seq, Figure 16. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. P. mirabilis colonization in bladders…, Figure 36. It is widely distributed in soil and water. Repressors of motility are often encoded by these fimbrial operons. 2019;2021:187-200. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9601-8_17. Concepts of Proteus mirabilis Pathogenesis…, Figure 2. 2020 Jul 10;9(7):397. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9070397. P. mirabilis extracellular clusters are precursors to stone formation, Figure 6. Mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) patterns of MR/P fimbriae expressed in E. coli, Figure 24. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Proteus mirabilis and Urinary Tract Infections. Polymicrobial infections can lead to synergistic enhancement of UTI and may have clinically relevant consequences. P. mirabilis swarms across 1…, Figure 32. Infect Immun. Model of P. mirabilis urease…, Figure 16. The pathogenesis of infection, including assessment of individual genes or global screens for virulence or fitness factors has been assessed in murine models of ascending urinary tract infections or CAUTIs using both single-species and polymicrobial models. Germs. Induction and requirement of, Immunized mice were given primary immunization on day 0 and two booster immunizations on days 14 and 24. Print 2018 Oct. Microbiol Spectr. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl.  |  Concepts of Proteus mirabilis Pathogenesis during Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), NLM Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.It shows swarming motility and urease activity. Individual channels representing nuclear stains (H2A and DAPI) and membrane stains (Ly6G) show the overlap of DAPI and H2A distant from Ly6G staining. Scanning electron micrographs of crystalline…, Figure 30. Conservation of fimbriae encoded by…, Figure 11. MrpJ Directly Regulates Proteus mirabilis Virulence Factors, Including Fimbriae and Type VI Secretion, during Urinary Tract Infection. Adherence is mediated by chaperone-usher fimbriae and autotransporter adhesins. Reproduced from (365) with permission. Schaffer JN, Norsworthy AN, Sun TT, Pearson MM. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans. 2015 Oct;3(5):10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013. PLoS Pathog. Epub 2016 Apr 4. Nat Rev Microbiol.  |  Indwelling Urinary Catheter Model of Proteus mirabilis Infection. Swarming on urine agar in response to five cues, Figure 34. Proteus mirabilis can migrate across the surface of solid media or devices using a type of cooperative group motility called swarming. Once in the bladder, P. mirabilis can form luminal clusters that are the site of bladder stone formation. Requirement of MrpH for mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbria-mediated hemagglutination by Proteus mirabilis. Integration of the urease suicide plasmid into the chromosome of P. mirabilis HI4320…, Figure 15. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. Phase variation of P. mirabilis MR/P fimbriae, Figure 25. When swarms from different strains meet, a line of demarcation, a "Dienes line," develops due to the killing action of each strain's type VI secretion system.

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